The Sanitarian and His Duties

Sanitarian becomes ecologist: the new environmental health.

Sensitivity to the environment demands new skills and attitudes Once again public health is on the move. After 40 years in which medical thinking has been dominated by the "magic bullet," therapeutic, model of health the pendulum has swung strongly in the direction of health promotion and preventive medicine. The reasons for this shift are complex. They include the prevailing political philosop...

husband’s refusal to fulfill his marital duties in jurisprudence and family law of the islamic republic of iran

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Rights and Duties

Evolutionary Computation: Challenges and duties

Evolutionary Computation (EC) is now a few decades old. The impressive development of the field since its initial conception has made it one of the most vigorous research areas, specifically from an applied viewpoint. This should not hide the existence of some major gaps in our understanding on these techniques. In this essay we propose a number of challenging tasks that –according to our opini...

Sharing duties in the family.

The eukaryotic genomes expand their sizes via several different pathways, one of which is the duplication of existing gene(s). According to the classical model by Ohno (1970), one purpose of gene duplication is to allow for evolutionary gain of new function(s). Indeed, gene duplications were well documented in the 1980’s through extensive molecular cloning and sequencing of genes and pieces of ...